Grid Systems
by , (13 comments)
One of the fundamental goals of any Graphic Design curriculum is to understand the enigmatic concept of the grid. When I was in design school, we were given an opaque five-minute lecture about the grid, and were then instructed to do an exercise that was supposed to teach us how to use the grid. The entire lesson was confusing, and I never could get a clear answer from an instructor on exactly how to use the grid, and so I was left to fend for myself on that matter. If only my instructors had been armed with Kimberly Elam’s Grid Systems.
Elam has written a well-organized survey of the basics of understanding the grid. The book acts as a course guide, organized into five sections, or exercises. She opens the book with an introductory exercise that explains the grid, proportions, use of ornamental elements, and negative space. The exercises increase in complexity, later covering horizontal, vertical, and diagonal compositions, and finally explaining the many factors that affect hierarchy. Each of the exercises presents several options that fall within the well-considered constraints of the project. Elam systematically exhausts the design possibilities of each project with well-qualified rationale. Peppered throughout the lessons is analysis of more complex and expressive layouts designed by immortals such as Jan Tschichold and Herbert Bayer, as well as work by contemporary design firms. The analysis of each specimen is accompanied with a vellum overlay page that clearly defines the grid and compositional dynamics of the layout.
Grid Systems strips the confusion from the mystery of designing with a grid. It teaches constraint while illustrating the unexpected freedom the grid can afford, and will surely become a required textbook in typography classes everywhere.

Comments (13)
Bennett said:
I found it intersting that you would recommend this for a typography course, and not a page layout class. I realize there is a lot of cross over between the two, but I have always considered grids as a layout tool more than a typography tool.
Posted on January 5, 2005
kadavy said:
I recommend it for a typography course, because it is very basic use of the grid. I didn’t mention that it also covers a few type fundamentals such as leading and letterspacing. The way you use the type is even more important than the type itself.
Posted on January 5, 2005
Clinton Carlson said:
I’m often shocked at how experienced students have little understanding of, and less appreciation of what grids can do for a design. I’ve seen plenty of “grids” that appear more like the intersecting sticks of a Ker-Plunk game than a helpful design tool. I think they often see grids as an afterthought…some hoop they have to jump through for the prof’s pleasure. Then again, I’m not sure I was any different.
Posted on January 6, 2005
kadavy said:
I think the issue that alot of students have is that they end up taking the grid too literally. This results in either “grids” that look like intersecting sticks of a Ker-Plunk game, or the student getting frustrated and ignoring the grid altogether. I think the combination of pretty basic grids, and real-world, more expressive grids, in this book should help prevent such confusion.
Posted on January 7, 2005
Bill Kerr said:
Check out Kim Elam’s other book:
Geometry of Design: Studies in Proportion and Composition
xhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1568982496/qid=1106200759/sr=8-2/ref=pdka2/104-3191834-7172709?v=glance&s=books&n=507846
While grids are great… real geometry when setting up your grid separates the men from the boys.
We had an entire class on this subject at my school.
Posted on January 20, 2005
kadavy said:
Thanks Bill,
I have that one now and I’m hoping to get to it soon. I’ve been obsessed with proportions ever since reading Bringhurst’s Elements.
Posted on January 20, 2005
Bill Kerr said:
Yeah, Bringhurst’s book is definitely Gnar Gnar Binx.
No Question abou that.
Posted on January 20, 2005
Adrian said:
I picked up “Grid Systems” last weekend. If it weren’t for the great examples with the beautiful vellum overlays, I probably wouldn’t recommend the book unless you were planning on teaching a class on grid systems. It explains the assignments that Kimberly Elam used in her class, and exhausts all the possibilities of a 3x3 grid. It is a great exercise (I wish I would have had these assignments in school) but makes for some dry reading.
I guess I have a little trouble completely buying into the whole grid theory. Personally, my process of design is more intuitive and based on basic concepts for successful composition. Things line up because they should, not necessarily because their is a strict adhesion to an underlying grid. I think there is probably an semi-unconscious tendency to structure our design on a grid even if we don’t graph it out or calculate it mathematically. The better we get at design, the more sensitive we become to spacing, weight, hierarchy, and the invisible structures that hold our design together. Without that sensitivity, all the grids in the world won’t make a great design.
Posted on February 16, 2005
Big "D" said:
It’s good to see everyone likes the book. I was actually a student of hers and the depth far exceeds what her writings show. But in the end I was like Kadavy- confused as Hell!!! But with some alone time, you figure it out and all is well.
Posted on March 15, 2005
topher said:
I read Elam’s first book on geometrics and design- great stuff. She clarified many ideas that Le Corbusier over complicated. I have not yet read the grid book, but am looking forward to it. However, I noticed in the index that Muller-Brockmann has very little air time. What’s the deal? His opus set the standard for the work I am doing today- does Elam really move beyond what he already taught? I would love to hear a comaprison. Likewise, what about Bosshard’s work, that one sits on my desk as a constant reference. Hey, here’s another great read if any one really wants to dig deep: Krome Barratt’s “Logic and Design in Art, Science and Mathematics.” It is rich with everything you ever wanted to consider about form, proportion and scale. I have read it numerous times and keep finding new things each read. Incredible. Cheers. topher
Posted on April 1, 2005
Pduggan said:
I really liked this book, it introduced me to grid systems in a way I could immediately understand. I would recommend it to anyone.
Posted on November 10, 2005
David Lange said:
topher - I was feeling the same way about the lack of reference to Muller-Brockmann. Glad you mentioned it.
Thanks for all the great book references, everyone. Looking forward to reading a few in the near future.
Posted on November 11, 2005
Michael Hortens said:
Thank you for this review of Ms. Elam’s book. I teach typography at Pratt Institute and look forward to reviewing the book and possibly using it. I have found a lot of books on typography can be “dry”. I recommend Robin Williams books because of her writing style and sense of humor. Best, Mike Hortens
Posted on February 6, 2006